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Glyph for U+223B
Source: Noto Sans Math

U+223B Homothetic

U+223B was added in Unicode version 1.1 in 1993. It belongs to the block U+2200 to U+22FF Mathematical Operators in the U+0000 to U+FFFF Basic Multilingual Plane.

This character is a Math Symbol and is commonly used, that is, in no specific script.

The glyph is not a composition. It has no designated width in East Asian texts. In bidirectional text it acts as Other Neutral. When changing direction it is mirrored. The word that U+223B forms with similar adjacent characters prevents a line break inside it.

The Wikipedia has the following information about this codepoint:

In mathematics, a homothety (or homothecy, or homogeneous dilation) is a transformation of an affine space determined by a point S called its center and a nonzero number k called its ratio, which sends point X to a point X by the rule

SX=kSX for a fixed number k0.

Using position vectors:

x=s+k(xs).

In case of S=O (Origin):

x=kx,

which is a uniform scaling and shows the meaning of special choices for k:

for k=1 one gets the identity mapping,
for k=1 one gets the reflection at the center,

For 1/k one gets the inverse mapping defined by k.

In Euclidean geometry homotheties are the similarities that fix a point and either preserve (if k>0) or reverse (if k<0) the direction of all vectors. Together with the translations, all homotheties of an affine (or Euclidean) space form a group, the group of dilations or homothety-translations. These are precisely the affine transformations with the property that the image of every line g is a line parallel to g.

In projective geometry, a homothetic transformation is a similarity transformation (i.e., fixes a given elliptic involution) that leaves the line at infinity pointwise invariant.

In Euclidean geometry, a homothety of ratio k multiplies distances between points by |k|, areas by k2 and volumes by |k|3. Here k is the ratio of magnification or dilation factor or scale factor or similitude ratio. Such a transformation can be called an enlargement if the scale factor exceeds 1. The above-mentioned fixed point S is called homothetic center or center of similarity or center of similitude.

The term, coined by French mathematician Michel Chasles, is derived from two Greek elements: the prefix homo- (όμο), meaning "similar", and thesis (Θέσις), meaning "position". It describes the relationship between two figures of the same shape and orientation. For example, two Russian dolls looking in the same direction can be considered homothetic.

Homotheties are used to scale the contents of computer screens; for example, smartphones, notebooks, and laptops.

Representations

System Representation
8763
UTF-8 E2 88 BB
UTF-16 22 3B
UTF-32 00 00 22 3B
URL-Quoted %E2%88%BB
HTML hex reference &#x223B;
Wrong windows-1252 Mojibake ∻
HTML named entity &homtht;
LATEX \homothetic

Elsewhere

Complete Record

Property Value
Age (age) 1.1 (1993)
Unicode Name (na) HOMOTHETIC
Unicode 1 Name (na1)
Block (blk) Mathematical Operators
General Category (gc) Math Symbol
Script (sc) Common
Bidirectional Category (bc) Other Neutral
Combining Class (ccc) Not Reordered
Decomposition Type (dt) none
Decomposition Mapping (dm) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Lowercase (Lower)
Simple Lowercase Mapping (slc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Lowercase Mapping (lc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Uppercase (Upper)
Simple Uppercase Mapping (suc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Uppercase Mapping (uc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Simple Titlecase Mapping (stc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Titlecase Mapping (tc) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Case Folding (cf) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
ASCII Hex Digit (AHex)
Alphabetic (Alpha)
Bidi Control (Bidi_C)
Bidi Mirrored (Bidi_M)
Composition Exclusion (CE)
Case Ignorable (CI)
Changes When Casefolded (CWCF)
Changes When Casemapped (CWCM)
Changes When NFKC Casefolded (CWKCF)
Changes When Lowercased (CWL)
Changes When Titlecased (CWT)
Changes When Uppercased (CWU)
Cased (Cased)
Full Composition Exclusion (Comp_Ex)
Default Ignorable Code Point (DI)
Dash (Dash)
Deprecated (Dep)
Diacritic (Dia)
Emoji Modifier Base (EBase)
Emoji Component (EComp)
Emoji Modifier (EMod)
Emoji Presentation (EPres)
Emoji (Emoji)
Extender (Ext)
Extended Pictographic (ExtPict)
FC NFKC Closure (FC_NFKC) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Grapheme Cluster Break (GCB) Any
Grapheme Base (Gr_Base)
Grapheme Extend (Gr_Ext)
Grapheme Link (Gr_Link)
Hex Digit (Hex)
Hyphen (Hyphen)
ID Continue (IDC)
ID Start (IDS)
IDS Binary Operator (IDSB)
IDS Trinary Operator and (IDST)
IDSU (IDSU) 0
ID_Compat_Math_Continue (ID_Compat_Math_Continue) 0
ID_Compat_Math_Start (ID_Compat_Math_Start) 0
Ideographic (Ideo)
InCB (InCB) None
Indic Mantra Category (InMC)
Indic Positional Category (InPC) NA
Indic Syllabic Category (InSC) Other
Jamo Short Name (JSN)
Join Control (Join_C)
Logical Order Exception (LOE)
Math (Math)
Noncharacter Code Point (NChar)
NFC Quick Check (NFC_QC) Yes
NFD Quick Check (NFD_QC) Yes
NFKC Casefold (NFKC_CF) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
NFKC Quick Check (NFKC_QC) Yes
NFKC_SCF (NFKC_SCF) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
NFKD Quick Check (NFKD_QC) Yes
Other Alphabetic (OAlpha)
Other Default Ignorable Code Point (ODI)
Other Grapheme Extend (OGr_Ext)
Other ID Continue (OIDC)
Other ID Start (OIDS)
Other Lowercase (OLower)
Other Math (OMath)
Other Uppercase (OUpper)
Prepended Concatenation Mark (PCM)
Pattern Syntax (Pat_Syn)
Pattern White Space (Pat_WS)
Quotation Mark (QMark)
Regional Indicator (RI)
Radical (Radical)
Sentence Break (SB) Other
Soft Dotted (SD)
Sentence Terminal (STerm)
Terminal Punctuation (Term)
Unified Ideograph (UIdeo)
Variation Selector (VS)
Word Break (WB) Other
White Space (WSpace)
XID Continue (XIDC)
XID Start (XIDS)
Expands On NFC (XO_NFC)
Expands On NFD (XO_NFD)
Expands On NFKC (XO_NFKC)
Expands On NFKD (XO_NFKD)
Bidi Paired Bracket (bpb) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Bidi Paired Bracket Type (bpt) None
East Asian Width (ea) neutral
Hangul Syllable Type (hst) Not Applicable
ISO 10646 Comment (isc)
Joining Group (jg) No_Joining_Group
Joining Type (jt) Non Joining
Line Break (lb) Alphabetic
Numeric Type (nt) none
Numeric Value (nv) not a number
Simple Case Folding (scf) Glyph for U+223B Homothetic
Script Extension (scx)
Vertical Orientation (vo) R